Musical Instrument

#Violin 

The violin is a stringed musical instrument played by means swiped. The violin has four strings (G-D-A-E) is set different from each other by a perfect fifth interval. The lowest tone is G. Among the violin family, with viola, cello and double bass or contra bass, violin has the highest tone. Other stringed musical instruments, bass, technically fit into the family viol. Sheet music for violin almost always uses a key or written on G.

Stringed musical instrument which at first is usually played by plucked (eg the hands of Greek harp). Stringed instrument thought to have originated in the equestrian cultures of Central Asia, for example, the Mongolian instrument Morin Huur. Stringed instrument stringed Turkik two nations and Mongolia from horsehair strings, played with horsehair bows, and has a carved horse head on the head. Violin, viola, and cello bow was made of horsehair, are relics of the nomadic peoples.It is believed that the first musical instruments were brought to East Asia, India, Byzantium and the Middle East in such places they adjust to their environment and develop erhu, Esra, Byzantine hand harp, and fiddle. Violin in the modern form originated from Northern Italy at the beginning of the 16th century, especially in the port city of Venice and Genoa that relate directly to Central Asia via the Silk.The modern European violin is influenced by various musical instruments, mainly from the Middle East and the Byzantine. Three types of early musical instruments are usually referred to as the forerunner of the violin is the rebec (derived from the Byzantine hand harp and fiddle), Vielle (violin century Renaissance), and the lira da braccio (which is also derived from the Byzantine hand harp). One of the earliest descriptions of the instrument, including its tuning, was in the Epitome musical by Jambe de Fer, published in Lyon in 1556, the violin began to spread throughout Europe.The oldest ever recorded violin has four strings, like the modern violin made by Andrea Amati in 1555, although the exact year is doubtful. (Violin earlier had only three strings.) Violin immediately became very popular, both among street musicians and the nobility, it is evident that the French king Charles IX ordered Amati to construct 24 violins for him in 1560. Violin The oldest extant today is one of the 24 violins, and given the name "Charles IX", made in Cremona c. 1560. Renaissance violin the most good with ornate carvings and Gasparo da Salo is (1574 c.) Who first owned by Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Austria, and then, since 1841, the Norwegian virtuoso Ole Bull, who used it for forty years and thousands of concerts. This time the violin was in Vestlandske Kustindustrimuseum in Bergen, Norway. "The Messiah" or "Le Messie" (also known as "Salabue") made by Antonio Stradivari in 1716 had never been used. It is now located in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Significant changes in violin making in the 18th century, especially in terms of length and angle of the violin neck. The majority of old instruments have been updated as recently yan standards, and therefore clearly different from the state of the instrument as a violin maker settled by artists, including differences in sound and response. But these instruments with conditions they are currently the standard for perfection in violin craftsmanship and sound of a violin, and violin makers all over the world trying to get close to ideal as possible.To this day, instruments from the "Golden Age" violin making, especially those made by Stradivari and Guarneri del Gesu, are the instruments of the most sought-after by collectors and violinist. The current record price for a violin is a Stradivari violin U.S. $ 3,544,000 at an auction on May 16, 2006. Stradivarius violins all have unique names; expensive Stradivari violin named "Hammer" ("Hammer"), created in 1707.

#Violoncello

Cello is an abbreviation of the word in Italian violoncello, which means "little violone". Violone is an ancient instrument, a large viol, similar to modern bass. The cello is most closely associated with European classical music. It is part of the standard orchestra and bass vote in a string quartet, as well as parts of many chamber music groups. A large number of concertos and sonatas have been composed for him. This instrument is less common in pop music, but is sometimes featured in recordings of pop and rock. Among the works of the baroque cello is most famous for the work of J. S. Bach Suites for Unaccompanied Cello, commonly known as the Bach Cello Suites. An example of the classic era songs are the work of Haydn Cello Concerto # 1 in C major. Standards of the romantic era repertoire includes Cello Concerto in B minor by Antonin Dvorak, Cello Concerto in E minor by Elgar, and two sonatas by Brahms. Modern compositions from the early 20th-century cello sonatas including without accompaniment by Paul Hindemith (opus 25) and Zoltán Kodaly (opus 8). Recordings in the genre Avant Garde has revitalized the flexibility of this instrument. An example is Night of the Four Moons by George Crumb. 

#Piano

Piano is a musical instrument played with the fingers of the hand. The player piano called a pianist.At the beginning created, not as loud as the sound piano piano's twentieth century, such as the piano made by Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655 - 1731) made in 1720. Because the piano string tension when it is not as strong now. Now the piano is on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.Although the inventor who first piano, which was originally dubbed gravecembalo col piano e forte (harpsichord with soft keyboard and speak out loud), is still being debated, many people recognize, Bartolomeo Cristofori as its creator. Piano is also not the first musical instrument that uses a keyboard and work with a hit. The working principle of musical instruments like the piano has been around since 1440.Piano himself was born of a desire to combine beauty with strength harpsichord clavichord tone. Desire that pushed Marius of Paris (1716), Schröter of Saxony (1717), and Christofori (1720) from Padua, Italy, to make the piano. However, whole and complete results are shown only Bartolomeo Christofori. Creation of the piano and harpsichord keepers Spinet (small harpsichord) in the Florentine Palace - the residence of Prince Ferdinand de 'Medici - this is the modern piano roots.In the mid-seventeenth century the piano was made with some form. Initially, there is a design resembling a harpsichord, with soaring strings. Piano will be lower after John Isaac Hawkins modify the location to be parallel to the floor. Then, with a demand made musical instruments are lighter, less expensive, and with a lighter touch, German piano-makers respond with a square piano. Up to 1860 square piano dominates the use of the piano at home.Order for the first piano strings using wooden frames and can only withstand voltage of the light strings. As a result, when it was built in the nineteenth century concert halls are large, the piano sound was inadequate. So, start with the piano is made of iron frames. Around the year 1800 Joseph Smith of England to make a piano with a metal frame entirely. Piano innovation capable of withstanding the string tension is very strong, so the resulting sound even louder. Around 1820, many makers using a piece of metal to the other piano. In 1822, brothers Erard patented the double escapement action, which is the famous discovery of ever relating to the workings of the piano.In the process, before as now has 88 keys, the piano has five octaves and 62 keys. It also comes with a pedal. Original pedal was actuated with the knee. But then the foot pedal was introduced in Britain to be popular today.A number of development continued in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. String tension, which was originally set 16 tons in 1862, increasing to 30 tonnes on the modern piano. The result is a piano with the ability to produce a tone that never imagined Frederic Chopin, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt and even.

 

 

                             Piano notation 

A real progress in the twentieth century (beginning in the 1930's) is the presence of an electronic piano (or electric piano), which is based on technology Electroacoustics or digital methods. Her tone is heard through an amplifier and loudspeaker.In terms of sound quality, electronic piano was almost no difference with ordinary piano. The difference lies in the complete range of features. Features that would not exist at all in the ordinary piano. For example, can be linked with MIDI devices, computers, recording equipment, have a volume control plugs to the listener's head, and so on.